IPA Guide for Classical Singers
Vowels
Vowel IPA Examples
a [a] amo, fama
e (open) [ɛ] bella, gelida
e (closed) [e] vedo, stella i [i] mio, addiritua
o (open) [ɔ] sposa, memoria,
povero
o (closed) [o] colore, dottore
u [u] tuo, crudele,
fortuna
Fricative Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
v [v], [vv] evviva
f [f], [ff] farfala, buffo
pesce
* The i in sci (when preceded by another vowel) is always silent.
ss [s], [ss] sasso, stesso
s [z] rosa, smania
Lateral Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
l [l], [ll] libro, giallo
Affricate Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
* The i in gi (when preceded by another vowel) is always silent.
Glides
IPA Examples
[j] pianto, patria, buio
[w] sguardo, sangue, tuoi
Plosive Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
b [b], [bb] abate, babbo
p [p], [pp] popolo, gruppo
d [d], [dd] Alfredo, freddo
t [t], [tt] tutore, tutto
g [g], [gg] fuga, fuggo
k [k], [kk] seco, secco
Vibrant Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
r [r], [rr] caro, carta, carro
Nasal Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
French
"Pure" Vowels
Vowel IPA Examples
a (bright) [a] madame, femme
a (dark) [ɑ] bas, âme
e (open) [ɛ] belle, clair
e (closed) [e] j'ai, été, pied
o (open) [ɔ] homme, Fauré
o (closed) [o] trop, beau, chaud
i [i] vie, il, dit, Guy
ou [u] toujours, amour
"Mixed" Vowels
Vowel IPA Examples
Nasal Vowels
IPA Examples
Glides
IPA Examples
Plosive Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
b [b] beau
p [p] peau
d [d] de
t [t] te
g [g] goût
c [k] coût
* Final "t" is always silent
Fricative Consonants
IPA Examples
Lateral Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
l(l) [l], [ll] lequel, illusion
Vibrant Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
r(r) [r], [rr] rire, irrél
Nasal Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
Diacritical Marks
Diacritical Mark Name Examples
` Accent grave lèvre, légère
´ Accent aigu été, passé
ˆ Circumflex rêve, tête, drôle, le nôtre,
amê, pâle
¨ Diérèse/Tréma haïr, foëne, Boïeldieu
German
Vowels
Vowel IPA Examples
a [a], [aː] Mann, Vater
e (open) [ɛ], [ɛː] denn, Träne
e (closed) [e], [eː] Melodie, sehr
i (open) [ɪ] bin, inmitten
i (closed) [i], [iː] Universität, liegen
o (open) [ɔ] Sonne, trocken
o (closed) [o], [oː] woran, Sohn
u (open) [ʊ] Mutter, Ungeduld
u (closed) [u], [uː] Juwel, Buch
ü (with Um-laut on top) [ʏ] Mütter, Glück
ü, y [yː] Bücher, Elysium
ö (open) [œ] plötzlich, Götter
ö (closed), oe [ø] schön, Goethe
e (alternative) [ə] gegeben, Liebe
(e)r [ɐ] Bruder, nur, Erde
Diphthongs
IPA Examples
[ae] mein, Hain
[ao] Frau, Baum
[ɔø] euch, Bäume
Glides
IPA Examples
[j] ja, jetzt, Lillie
Plosive Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
b [b] beben
p [p] Pracht, pfeife, ap
d [d] dadaruch
t [t] Teil, retten, Bad
g [g] gegen, Gnade
(c)k [k] Knie, blicken, Tag
* A final consonant is always unvoiced. (e.g., "b" becomes "p," "d" becomes "t" and "g" becomes "k."
Fricative Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
v, v [w] Wagner, Klavier
v, ph [f] von, Philosoph
s(s) (unvoiced) [s] essen, bis
s(ch) [ʃ] spät, Stern, rasch
s (voiced) [s] See, gewesen
h [h] Hoheit
ch, g (ich-Laut) [ç] ich, durch, selig
ch (ach-Laut) [x] ach, auch, doch
Affricate Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
z, c [ts] zehn, Cäcilie
tsch [tʃ] Deutsch
Nasal Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
Lateral Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
l [l] Licht, füllen
Vibrant Consonants
Consonant IPA Examples
r [r] rot, irren
Source
A Handbook of Diction for Singers, Italian, German, French. Adams, David. Oxford University Press. 2007.
VIDEOS
Ideale, by Tosti & La Serenata, by Tosti
Classical music speaks to me and allows me to express feelings when words simply won't do. These are two pieces I performed at my undergraduate recital "Music of the Soul", at Longy School of Music in April 2018.
"Vainement, ma bien aimee", from Le Roi D'ys By Lalo